9 Events of Instruction Infographic

Robert Gagne’s Instruction Design Model; “The Nine Events of Instruction”

According to Robert Gagne, there are nine events that activate processes needed for effective learning.

Instructional Design Model

• Gagne created a nine-step process called The Events of Instruction
• The events of instruction are related to the learning process
• The events of instruction lead to various learning outcomes
• The events of instruction support the internal processes of learning

Step 1: Gain Attention

• Capture the attention of those learning (animated tutorial)
• Stimuli that ensure reception of coming instruction

Step 2: Inform Learner of Objectives

• Internal process of expectancy
• List of learning objectives
• Level of expectation for learning
• What will the learner be able to perform after the instruction?
• Motivate the learner to complete the lesson.

Step 3: Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning

• Recall of existing, relevant knowledge
• Retrieval to working, short-term memory
• Previous experience, previous concepts
• Correlate new information with prior knowledge

Step 4: Present Stimulus Material

• Display the content
• Pattern recognition; selective perception
• New content (chunked, explained, then demonstrated)
• Multimedia (audio, video, graphics)

Step 5: Provide Learner Guidance

• Guidance on the new content
• Chunking, rehearsal, encoding
• Assist learners in order to encode information for long-term storage
• Guidance strategies (case studies, examples, mnemonics)

Step 6: Elicit Performance

• Practice (new skills or behavior)
• Confirm correct understanding
• Demonstrating learning
• Retrieval, responding

Step 7: Provide Feedback

• Specific, immediate feedback on learner's performance
• Reinforcement, error correction

Step 8: Assess Performance

• Post-test, final assessment
• No additional coaching; feedback
• Mastery of material

Step 9: Enhance Retention and Transfer

• Determine whether or not the skills were learned
• Apply the skills that were learned
• Retention, retrieval, generalization